Estado, Política E Classes Socias (Portuguese Edition) Book PDF, ePub eBook

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Book Descriptions:
Esta obra de Erasmo de Roterdã (1466-1536) aborda questões religiosas e filosóficas, mas seu tema central é a retórica. Construída em forma de diálogo entre três personagens, satiriza e procura pôr em xeque o discurso estético dos ciceronianos de então. O pano de fundo do diálogo é marcado pela efervescência intelectual do século XVI, quando pululavam contendas ideológicas, embates retóricos, e resgatavam-se, pelos humanistas, os clássicos antigos. Instaura-se nesse contexto uma polêmica em torno da figura de Cícero, o grande orador romano. Gramáticos e retóricos puristas, principalmente italianos, levavam ao extremo o conceito de imitatio e consideravam que apenas o que estivesse calcado em Cícero, estritamente circunscrito em seu vocabulário e em sua técnica argumentativa, seria admissível como bom discurso. Eram os chamados ciceronianos. De fato, a presença de Cícero em todo o pensamento retórico da época era inegável e delimitava as facções em choque: de um lado, os ciceronianos “estritos”, ou “ciceronianos simples”, e, de outro, seus opositores, os “ecléticos”. O segundo grupo partilhava uma visão mais abrangente da imitatio, considerando lícito, e mesmo desejável, que se utilizassem vários modelos, que deveriam ser assimilados e adaptados segundo a conveniência – regida pelo tema e pela plateia. Após ser criticado por ciceronianos italianos, Erasmo se envolve na polêmica, publicando, em 1528, este Diálogo ciceroniano. Trata-se de um debate entre três personagens, Nosópono (o ciceroniano), Buléforo (o que traz à tona as posições do próprio Erasmo) e Hipólogo (aquele que enseja as situações de embate entre Buléforo e Nosópono). O ciceronianismo, representado pelo primeiro personagem, é duramente satirizado pelo personagemBuléforo, que, ao fim e ao cabo, acaba por derrotar seu opositor, utilizando para isso a própria argumentação ciceroniana. Ao mesmo tempo em que justifica sua heterodoxia, Erasmo discute padrões essenciais de crítica literária e chega a considerações estéticas e epistemológicas que ultrapassam de muito os aparentemente estreitos limites da vetusta crítica aos ciceronianos.

Estado, Política E Classes Socias (Portuguese Edition) by Armando Boito Jr

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